Definitions of Cancer.
(1). Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic.
(2). Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread to other locations in the body via lymph.
Common types Of Cancer:
Bladder Cancer:
Definition of bladder cancer: Cancer that forms in tissues of the bladder (the organ that stores urine). Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder). Other types include squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids). The cells that form squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma develop in the inner lining of the bladder as a result of chronic irritation and inflammation.   
Estimated new cases and deaths from bladder cancer in the United States in 2009:Cases: 70,980.
Deaths: 41330
Common Causes of Bladder Cancer:
● Smoking: Smoking is the single greatest risk factor for bladder cancer. Smokers have more than twice the risk of developing bladder cancer as nonsmokers.
●Chemical exposures at work: People who regularly work with certain chemicals or in certain industries have a greater risk of bladder cancer than the general population. Organic chemicals called aromatic amines are particularly linked with bladder cancer.
● Diet: People whose diets include large amounts of fried meats and animal fats are thought to be at higher risk of bladder cancer.
Breast Cancer :
Definition of breast cancer: Cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare.
Estimated new cases and deaths from breast cancer in the United States in 2009:cases: 192,370 (female); 1,910 (male)
Deaths: 40,170 (female); 440 (male)

Stages of Breast Cancer : 

Stage	Definition
Stage 0	Cancer cells remain inside the breast duct, without invasion into normal adjacent breast tissue.
Stage I	Cancer is 2 centimeters or less and is confined to the breast (lymph nodes are clear).
Stage IIA	No tumor can be found in the breast, but cancer cells are found in the axillary lymph nodes (the lymph nodes under the arm)                                            OR  the tumor measures 2 centimeters or smaller and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes                          OR the tumor is larger than 2 but no larger than 5 centimeters and has not spread to the axillary lymph nodes.
Stage IIB	The tumor is larger than 2 but no larger than 5 centimeters and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes      OR the tumor is larger than 5 centimeters but has not spread to the axillary lymph nodes.
Stage IIIA	No tumor is found in the breast. Cancer is found in axillary lymph nodes that are sticking together or to other structures, or cancer may be found in lymph nodes near the breastbone                                                        OR                       the tumor is any size. Cancer has spread to the axillary lymph nodes, which are sticking together or to other structures, or cancer may be found in lymph nodes near the breastbone.
Stage IIIB	The tumor may be any size and has spread to the chest wall and/or skin of the breast                AND may have spread to axillary lymph nodes that are clumped together or sticking to other structures, or cancer may have spread to lymph nodes near the breastbone.
Stage IIIC	There may either be no sign of cancer in the breast or a tumor may be any size and may have spread to the chest wall and/or the skin of the breast                            AND the cancer has spread to lymph nodes either above or below the collarbone                                      AND the cancer may have spread to axillary lymph nodes or to lymph nodes near the breastbone.
Stage IV	The cancer has spread — or metastasized — to other parts of the body.

Breast Cancer Statistics:
● Breast cancer incidence in women in the United States is 1 in 8 (about 13%).
● In 2008, an estimated 182,460 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S., along with 67,770 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer.
● About 1,990 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in men in 2008. Less than 1% of all new breast cancer cases occur in men.
● From 2001 to 2004, breast cancer incidence rates in the U.S. decreased by 3.5% per year. One theory is that this decrease was due to the reduced use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by women after the results of a large study, called the Women’s Health Initiative, were published in 2002. These results suggested a connection between HRT and increased breast cancer risk.
● About 40,480 women in the U.S. are expected to die in 2008 from breast cancer, though death rates have been decreasing since 1990. These decreases are thought to be the result of treatment advances, earlier detection through screening, and increased awareness.
Breast Cancer Risk Factors:
By now you may be familiar with the statistic that says 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer. Many people misinterpret this to mean that, on any given day, they and the women they know have a 1-in-8 risk of developing the disease. That’s simply not true.
In reality, about 1 in 8 women in the United States — or 13%, or 13 out of every 100 — can expect to develop breast cancer over the course of an entire lifetime. In the U.S., an average lifetime is about 80 years. So, it’s more accurate to say that 1 in 8 women in the U.S. who reach the age of 80 can expect to develop breast cancer. In each decade of life, the risk of getting breast cancer is actually lower than 13% for most women.
Diagnostics / symptom  of Breast Cancer:
According to the American Cancer Society, any of the following unusual changes in the breast can be a symptom of breast cancer:
swelling of all or part of the breast ,
● Skin irritation or dimpling
● Breast pain
●Nipple pain or the nipple turning inward
● Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin
● A nipple discharge other than breast milk
● A lump in the underarm area
Treatment for patients with cancer:
Different types of treatment are available for patients with breast cancer are,
(1). Surgery:
● Breast-conserving surgery, an operation to remove the cancer but not the breast itself, includes the following:
● Lumpectomy: Surgery to remove a tumor (lump) and a small amount of normal tissue around it.
● Partial mastectomy: Surgery to remove the part of the breast that has cancer and some normal tissue around it. This procedure is also called a segmental mastectomy.
Other types of surgery include the following:
● Total mastectomy: Surgery to remove the whole breast that has cancer. This procedure is also called a simple mastectomy. Some of the lymph nodes under the arm may be removed for biopsy at the same time as the breast surgery or after. This is done through a separate incision.
● Modified radical mastectomy: Surgery to remove the whole breast that has cancer, many of the lymph nodes under the arm, the lining over the chest muscles, and sometimes, part of the chest wall muscles.
(2) .Radiation therapy:
Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
(3). Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the spinal column, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
(4). Hormone therapy:
Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that removes hormones or blocks their action and stops cancer cells from growing. Hormones are substances produced by glands in the body and circulated in the bloodstream. Some hormones can cause certain cancers to grow. If tests show that the cancer cells have places where hormones can attach (receptors), drugs, surgery, or radiation therapy are used to reduce the production of hormones or block them from working. The hormone estrogen, which makes some breast cancers grow, is made mainly by the ovaries. Treatment to stop the ovaries from making estrogen is called ovarian ablation.
(5). Targeted therapy:
Targeted therapy is a treatment that targets faulty genes or proteins that contribute to cancer growth and development. Targeted therapy is usually given along with another type of treatment, such as chemotherapy. Because these drugs target specific genes or proteins, a test may be needed to find out if the drug will work for a specific type of tumor. Although there aren’t a wide variety of tests available now, many more may be available in the future or as part of a clinical trial as doctors seek to give patients the best possible treatment for their type of cancer.
(6) .Immunotherapy:
Immunotherapy (also called biologic therapy) is designed to boost the body's natural defenses to fight the cancer. It uses materials either made by the body or in a laboratory to bolster, target, or restore immune system function. Interferon and colony-stimulating factor are two examples of immunotherapy. The side effects of immunotherapy generally include flu-like symptoms, such as chills, nausea, and fever. Immunotherapy also includes cancer vaccines—an investigational approach to helping the immune system fight cancer.
(7). Bone marrow and stem cell transplantation:
Blood and marrow transplantation is a medical (not a surgical) procedure, lasting weeks to months from start to finish, in which diseased marrow (a spongy, fatty tissue found on the inside of larger bones) or immune system is replaced by a healthier one. For people with cancer, the goal is to destroy every remaining cancer cell.
                            Precautions to  Prevent Cancer.
Nearly half of all cancer deaths are preventable.
That remarkable news comes with an equally stunning corollary -- the key to success doesn't rest with some undiscovered therapies or treatments. Much of cancer's toll can be reduced with simple precautions, such as lifestyle changes and routine screenings.
But somehow that message isn't getting through to enough people.
The biggest threat, of course, is smoking. "You'd have to live on another planet not to know smoking causes cancer," Aldige said.
Smoking is the single most preventable cause of death in U.S. society. Tobacco causes nearly one in five deaths in the United States, killing about 438,000 Americans each year, according to the American Cancer Society. Yet, about 45 million adults still smoke -- about 23 percent of men and 19 percent of women.
Need more proof that much of cancer's misery is self-inflicted?
Experts estimate that about one in three of the 564,830 deaths from all forms of cancer this year will be related to poor nutrition, inactivity, overweight and obesity.
Eventually, there will even be screenings for lung cancer, probably in the form of "spiral CT" scanning, using special equipment to obtain multiple cross-sectional images of the organs and tissues of the chest, Aldige said.
Then there's melanoma, the deadly skin cancer that's on the rise. An estimated 62,190 new cases of the disease will be diagnosed in the United States this year, and 7,910 people will die of it, according to the American Cancer Society.
But melanoma is highly curable if it's caught in its early stages. The best way to do that: Check your own skin about once a month and become familiar with the pattern of moles, freckles, and other marks so you'll spot any changes. And a skin exam should be part of a routine cancer checkup by a doctor or qualified health professional.